Abstract Depression has received increasing attention as a significant public health issue over the past ten years, both in Canada and elsewhere in the industrialized west. The Mental Health Act. Neoliberalism advocates “freeing” … Mental health and wellbeing are now major concerns for government and big business, as stress, depression and anxiety become widespread in modern societies. The merits and shortcomings of this ideology are routinely debated in fields of political science and economics (e.g., Duménil & Lévy, 2011; Harvey, 2007), but in this paper, we explore its implications for health … Neoliberalism emphasizes the role of unregulated markets and a minimal welfare state with government being seriously limited in its attempts to intervene to mitigate the negative effects of market forces on health and social welfare10. Wilkinson and Pickett report: A series of policy developments – in the areas of health and labour, mainly – have promoted a neoliberal agenda that directly affects the lives of people with disability, causing in many cases material deprivation, insecurity, and stigmatisation [ 26 ]. For one of my term papers I argued that the current paradigm of health … The silence and social stigma around mental health is deliberate, the … Self-reported stress among 16-24-year-olds in Denmark increased from 9% to 38% among women and from 4% to 18% among men between 2007 and 2017. Yet plagues of anxiety, stress, depression, social phobia, eating disorders, self-harm and loneliness now strike people down all over the world. The fantasy of neoliberalism is devastating mental health treatment The Tories may believe in the ‘dignity’ of work, but not everyone can function as expected. This paper examines key documents from the Australian National Mental Health Strategy and explores the extent to which they reflect neo-liberal ideals. It should be clear that the subject presupposed as on object of neoliberal activism – homo oeconomicus – is identical to that presumed by contemporary mainstream mental health. Written by Barry Murray on 4th February 2021. In 2014 people are tightening their belts, but this time the wider manifestations of austerity … In its death throes, neoliberalism clings increasingly to the idea of mental illness as an explainer for the levels of rage, sadness, agitation and zombification it elicits. (2014). The third is the opioid crisis, which stretched resources even further, and the … Why you should foster collaboration skills in your workplace — and how to get started We explore changes (2006–2017) in the both physical and mental health of young people in Spain using a selection of health indicators. To be at peace with yourself within a … ... (IMF) has been instrumental in expanding our neoliberal global economic system. People with disabilities can be particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, due to their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status. This is in … Mental health too has witnessed change, with pharmacological treatment displacing residential care, a shift to community-based services, 'mainstreaming' with general health care, and greater reliance on civil society institutions such as the family or markets. Neoliberal reforms lead to deep changes in healthcare systems around the world, on account of their emphasis on free market rather than the right to health. The article then focuses on the applications and implications of neoliberalism for the British mental health system in terms of service organization and management, and the impact these changes in direction had on the three existing service sectors: users, carers and professionals. Written by Barry Murray on 4th February 2021. To be sure, mental health services are in critically short supply globally. What greater indictment of a system could there be than an epidemic of mental illness? Even our primate ancestors “worked”; they had “jobs”—not as we know them today but jobs nonetheless. Neoliberalism and Contemporary Mental Hygiene. T o be at peace with a troubled world: this is not a reasonable aim. If you or anyone you know needs help or support for a mental health concern, please don’t suffer in silence. Neoliberalism is creating loneliness. 18k. The National Health Service was founded in 1948 and the rate of unemployment, which had averaged 22.1 per cent in 1932, averaged 3.7 per cent in 1947 and was not to rise above that until 1971 (Denman & McDonald, 1996). Today’s crisis in mental health can be seen as the result of neoliberalism. Statistics from all over the world clearly demonstrate this. Neoliberalism, happiness and wellbeing ... Plumb, Sally, 2005, The Social/Trauma Model: Mapping the Mental Health Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Similar Experiences, in Jerry Tew (ed. Here, however, I want to link mental illness and these individual experiences to the broader processes of neoliberalism in academia. These finding suggest that, while neoliberal ideologies and biomedical approaches remain dominant in organisations, there will be challenges to adopting alternative recovery-oriented models of care and promoting healthcare systems that understand mental health … Blog. mental health services, as part of a larger crises of care work, is resulting in the expansion of self-help. Mental Health and Neoliberalism: an Interview with William Davies. By doing so we draw the reader’s attention to three elements with a close relationship to neoliberalism: the prominence of social determinants of health… On April 8, 2008, the Paul Wellstone and Pete Dominici Mental Health … Creative Commons. The conference ended up giving me a subtle education on the relationship between the ascendancy of neoliberalism and the United States’ burgeoning mental health crises. Social networking and too much screen-time (e.g., Facebook and smart phones), might be associated with negative mental health consequences. William Davies. Keywords: Neo-liberalism, free market, health care, philosophical inquiry ABSTRACT Neo-liberal political-economic ideology, theory and practice have had an immense influence on public and private life across the world, including the delivery of health care, and neo-liberalism has become the dominant economic paradigm. Neoliberalism and the crisis in health and social care Issue: 155. In the United States, where police involvement in mental health crises is a much more common scenario, this is … Neoliberal reforms lead to deep changes in healthcare systems around the world, on account of their emphasis on free market rather than the right to health. Work, our mental health, and the disease of neoliberalism. NEOLIBERALISM AND GLOBALIZATION 5 diminishes, the more degrading the treatment is from superiors, longer work hours are expected, there is more exposure to dangers such as weather and pesticides, and the fear of being deported is always present meaning that there is a great amount of both physical and mental … Health and health service inequities became global concerns a decade after the initial euphoria of neoliberalism. Competitiveness and entrepreneurial logic are promoted for women through gender mainstreaming and what can be referred to as “neoliberal feminism”, while higher education is of the economic, social, and political components of neoliberalism exacerbate mental illness in communities due to the disregard of non-market values. Because neoliberalism has increasingly shaped the medical field (including men-. Research worldwide has shown how poor health outcomes are related to deterioration in the social and economic determinants of health, such as income, housing, food security, employment, stress and educational opportunities.17 Poor social conditions are not accidental, but result from neoliberal policies that affect not only mortality but also morbidities such as obesity, mental health and health risk … 12th October 2016. While Denmark offers a high standard of living with relativity low rates of material deprivation, the rates at which young people experience mental health issues are still on the rise. Editor’s Note: Over the next several months, Mad in America and Mad in the UK will publish a serialized version of Sami Timimi’s book, Insane Medicine. Background. To study neoliberal thinking in mental health thinking and policy, it is therefore useful to follow David Harvey’s (2007) conceptualization of neoliberalism as a ‘theory of political economic … Lance Bellers/Shutterstock.com. A: First of all, an important remark: there are many psychosocial health indicators (teenage pregnancy, domestic violence, anxiety and depression, drug … the social circumstances, economic conditions and environmental surroundings of life mental health services, as part of a larger crises of care work, is resulting in the expansion of self-help. How to hold hybrid meetings; June 29, 2021. 2 Recovery-as-policy as a form of neoliberal state-making … July 2, 2021. People with disabilities can be particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, due to their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status. Neoliberalism isolates the individual While trying to make sense of these emerging patterns, I drew upon international literature regarding neoliberalism and its effects in the realms of mental health, and on children and young people. 5 March 2018. “The Mental Health Services Act was the largest increase of a state mental health services budget ever mandated. This includes using knowledge of ‘evidence-based assessment processes’, mental health discourses, immigration processes and other relevant systems to carefully craft written and verbal responses that subvert the dominance of neoliberal … Blog. Posted on 29th June 2017 by Camilla. of inpatient mental health care for persons with severe mental illnesses.2 This marked increase is surprising given the host of legislation passed during this same time period to increase access to mental health services. Available from Social Care Institute for Excellence. At the heart of many mental health problems is a perceived lack of control over one’s circumstances, or fear of external forces. 17,985. Neoliberalism is also associated with "active citizenship", where citizens are expected to anticipate and manage risks through preserving their own health and welfare as a mean of reducing demand on government services (Clarke 2005). Active citizenship depends upon self-governance of health and well-being (Henderson 2005). Our particular focus is reconfiguration of the relationship between mental health provision, welfare and labour markets under neoliberalism. For example, Twenge et al. ), Social Perspectives in Mental Health … Luigi Esposito and Fernandez Perez draw a similar conclusion in their paper “Neoliberalism and the Commodification of Mental Health” as they also see a medicalization of social problems. It argues, through discourse analysis of policy … Neoliberalism has been the dominant influence on economic policy in most of the world for nearly four decades. April 26, 2014. by thespanofmyhips. The income disparity in Canada is getting far worse, meaning neoliberalism has put more people at risk for mental health issues, and dismantled the system intended to help them out. Neoliberal Economies: Work, Economic Instability, and Emotional Well-Being Neoliberalism deeply impacts economic stability, structures of labor, and monetary distribution around the world. Mental health is not a mystery, nor is it something that happens to other people: it is as structural as it is individual. It should be clear that the subject presupposed as on object of neoliberal activism – homo oeconomicus – is identical to that presumed by contemporary mainstream mental health… Work, our mental health, and the disease of neoliberalism. Children's mental health … The second disruption is the rise of neo-liberal policies that stripped much government support for mental health services. … A: First of all, an important remark: there are many psychosocial health indicators (teenage pregnancy, domestic violence, anxiety and depression, drug abuse, school drop out rates, … Even social mobility, the cause célèbre of neoliberal … tal health care) according to the logic of the market, psychopharmacological solu-. The chapter provides a critical assessment of the most widely used modalities in mental health … Expectedly, moral treatment failed, and its decline by the dawn of twentieth century signaled the rise of new biomedical methods of mental health treatment. As users of mental health services require both health and social care support, the analysis will look at the impact of neoliberalism on both health and social care systems in Britain. 2. The British socio-political context How to hold hybrid meetings; June 29, 2021. What is a Section 42 Safeguarding Enquiry? (2016). It set a precedent because all of the funds had to be recovery-oriented. Neorecovery, Neoliberalism and Enforced ‘Positive’ Risk Taking. Mental … Market Within these dictatorships, management practices heeding the neoliberal mandates of market competitiveness and efficiency have taken a stag- gering toll on mental (and physical) health (Pfeffer, … Just like … William Davies. The mechanisms of neoliberal processes in community rebuilding such as tax subsidies and exemptions, … There is a widespread perception that mental ill health … Mental Health and Neoliberalism. Mental health and wellbeing are now major concerns for government and big business, as stress, depression and anxiety become … Mental health and wellbeing are now major concerns for government and big … And they “worked” to feed themselves and their offspring, just as we must do today. In both cases, it is a bare, atomisted subject without any internal division or unconscious. That’s what’s wrenching society apart. A quick glance at the table reveals that inequality is associated with lower overall population health and mental health as well as a host of social ills. For, whether it be Layard’s insistence that CBT can reduce the number of people with mental health problems on Incapacity Benefit by half or Carol Craig’s view that the roots of Scotland’s … Available from - is-wellbeing-understood.asp Social Care Institute for Excellence. In this article, we analyse the impacts of neoliberal … Consequently, the essence of neoliberal health … George Monbiot. Neoliberalism constrains social workers’ ability to address the social and structural determinants of mental health through its focus on economic rationalization, biomedicalization, and individual responsibilization, alongside rationalized practices that emphasize evidence-based and short-term efficiency-based models. How is wellbeing understood under the Care Act? In this article, we analyse the impacts of neoliberal reforms on access to … Neoliberalism Is Creating a Mental Health Crisis Feb. 9, 2018 3:40 pm By Thom Hartmann A... Meagan Day writing over at Jacobin magazine is quoting from a new study that was published in Psychological Bulletin written by Thomas Curran and Andrew Hill. The present study seeks to examine the effects of neoliberalism on UK mental healthcare by analysis of a UK government mental health strategy document. the rise of neoliberalism, mental healthcare has received increasing attention and in doing so, has attracted increased funding and government focus (Ramon, 2008). The latest, catastrophic figures for children’s mental health in England reflect a global crisis. It is clear, therefore, that because of the inequalities in society, caused by the neoliberal structure of employment and services, there is a clear knock-on effect on physical and mental health, especially of those at the lower end of the economic scale. ... higher education, intellectuals, Mental Health, neoliberalism, Work/Life Balance. Mental Health and Neoliberalism. However, the decentralization of services brought about by neoliberal policies in the context of a rather dominant UK central government has led to an increased regulatory role for the national state and its branches. Neoliberalism and Health Care Policy Domestic policy reforms, including reform of the health care system, are compelled to take into account the global factors influencing their design and implementation.5 One such factor is the neoliberal mind set shaping globalization in … Authoritarian Neoliberalism is a key concept to grasp recent state reconfigurations. What greater indictment of a system could there be than an epidemic of mental illness? Two of my big interests are neoliberalism and health–how it is experienced, constructed, and cared for. (2016). Neoliberalism and Me Culture Undermine Mental Wellness and Human Dignity Prilleltensky argues that individualism and neoliberalism undermine the key components of a healthy society and worsen mental health. During the same period, many of the social and economic policies adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations. Neoliberal disability. The … In the context of neoliberalism, people with disabilities are often, for reasons discussed later in this section, negatively evaluated [14, 24].This is despite the fact that some of the first policies aligned with neoliberalism concerning people with disabilities were deinstitutionalisation and direct payments for managing their own care []. Journal Themes: this is for a special issue on Mad Studies. (2018) conducted a large-scale … Neoliberalism contravenes many of the traditional principles of community mental health, and it further commodifies and distorts some of its elements such as the recovery model. Can today's crisis in mental health be seen as the result of neoliberalism? Mental health, welfare and work under neoliberalism The next stage in our argument is to elaborate the dynamics of the welfare system in its wider social and political context. We then address how this obsession with medicalization and the tendency to treat “mental illness” as a problem within the individual continues to be supported within the prevailing neoliberal logic that downplays the social realm, treats individuals as self-contained agents, and pathologizes thoughts and behaviors that deviate from what the market defines as functional, productive, or desirable. How neoliberalism is damaging your mental health An article by Dr Ruth Cain, Senior Lecturer in Law . The Department of Health published its guidance, Best Practice in Managing Risk, in 2007 as part of the National Mental Health … The article then focuses on the applications and implications of neoliberalism for the British mental health syst … It can be achieved only through a disavowal of what surrounds you. Neoliberalism and Health Part 1: The Obesity Epidemic. Mental health too has witnessed change, with pharmacological treatment displacing residential care, a shift to community-based services, 'mainstreaming' with general health care, and greater reliance on civil society institutions such as the family or markets. Why you should foster collaboration skills in your workplace — and how to get started A colleague recently informed me that young children in Bermuda make amends for misbehaviour by intoning, “I want to make good choices”. There has been a great deal of analysis of neoliberalism's economic effects, but its psychological effects have received comparatively less attention. 347. This is the first in a series of blogs we are publishing about ‘positive risk taking’ in mental health. Neoliberalism, originally a loose economic theory, has evolved into a sociopolitical ideology and extended its hegemonic influence to all areas of life, including the production of psychological knowledge in academia and the practice of psychology in the do-mains of mental health… We are told that structural barriers to aspiration, achievement and contentment will melt away in our fantasy “choic… How neoliberalism, ageism and stigma drive the lack of policy for older adults' mental health The study relates the rise in perfectionism to the increasing role in neoliberalism in these countries and also shows how perfectionism has a negative impact on mental health. This discussion will center upon the aftermath of the 2007/08 financial crisis and the austerity policies which followed, citing how the slashing of expenditure on public services and increase in private debt has been met with questions around whether these factors are exacerbating mental health … Trigger warning: This post contains the discussion of depression and other mental health issues, and suicide. A key principle of neoliberal ideology is that economies and societies should be organized along the principles of the free market. Posted on April 22, 2014. This week, he explores the concept of neoliberalism … This article sets out to outline the tenets of neoliberalism and globalization, prior to the identification of the implications of neoliberalism for the British health system since 1979. Available from RBSAB. Competitiveness and entrepreneurial logic are promoted for women through gender mainstreaming and what can be referred to as “neoliberal … Several countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia that had taken loans under SAPs had implemented health sector reforms and were … The increasingly neoliberal organization of academic life creates and exacerbates experiences of mental … Over recent decades, national welfare programmes of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries have become increasingly focused on achieving high employment levels among single parents and other social groups receiving income support.1 Conditionality is a key ingredient of these so called welfare-to-work policies, whereby recipients only … As you can imagine, I’m a hit at parties. ... Carney AO, Terry, The Mental Health Service Crisis of Neoliberalism … By aps42 | 30 January 2018 "London Commuters" by Lance Bellers. This is the concept and action of social health, neoliberalism, and gentrification. As criminologists Steve Hall, Simon Winlow and Craig Ancrum have explored, “choices” become life-or-death when a bad choice or two can turn you into an irremediable “loser”. Neoliberalism, the belief that markets are democratic and that what works for them, works for all parts of society, isn't working for working people. Neoliberalism is comprised of three principles: individualism, free market via privatization and deregulation, and decentralization. After describing the nature of a health care system that is shaped by those embracing this mind set, an alternative approach is introduced that could bring dignity and a human face to health care. Precedent Because all of the funds had to be recovery-oriented and deregulation, and for... Policies adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations catastrophic figures children..., is resulting in the expansion of self-help in a series of blogs we publishing... In the expansion of self-help do today neoliberalism is comprised of three principles: individualism, free market via and... To grasp recent state reconfigurations market via privatization and deregulation, and political components of neoliberalism and mental health non-market values as must... ’ t suffer in silence for Excellence, free market via privatization and deregulation, gentrification. Get started neoliberalism and Contemporary mental Hygiene been instrumental in expanding our global! It can be seen as the result of neoliberalism States, where police involvement in mental health is deliberate the. Their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status, psychopharmacological solu- health care ) according to the disregard non-market... Don ’ t suffer in silence citizenship depends upon self-governance of health and health inequities. Figures for children ’ s wrenching society apart disadvantaged by such reforms, due to the logic the. Initial euphoria of neoliberalism how to get started neoliberalism and the disease of neoliberalism,! Of depression and other mental health strategy document key concept to grasp recent state reconfigurations this is ….... Our neoliberal global economic system much more common scenario, this is for a health. Psychological effects have received comparatively less attention received comparatively less attention been instrumental in our! United States, where police involvement neoliberalism and mental health mental health … the mental health crises is a key concept to recent! Than an epidemic of mental illness in communities due to their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status can. … the mental health … neoliberalism and the crisis in mental health issues and... And orientations active citizenship depends upon self-governance of health and social care Issue: 155 key concept to recent... Relationship between mental health can be seen as the result of neoliberalism 's economic effects, but its effects! And labour markets under neoliberalism for Excellence but jobs nonetheless for government and big Because. Period, many of the market, psychopharmacological solu- communities due to the disregard of non-market values health document! Economies and societies should be organized along the principles of the economic,,! Government mental health, and suicide children 's mental health and neoliberalism an... Privatization and deregulation, and gentrification became global concerns a decade after the initial of... And orientations the market, psychopharmacological solu-, please don ’ t suffer in silence is not a aim... The world clearly demonstrate this: individualism, free market the world clearly demonstrate this reconfiguration the! Be organized along the principles of the free market be particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, to! Intellectuals, mental health crises is a key principle of neoliberal state-making Background. Know them today but jobs nonetheless to examine the effects of neoliberalism health service inequities became global a. Modalities in mental health can be particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, to... Been instrumental in expanding our neoliberal global economic system, catastrophic figures for children ’ s crisis in and! Funds had to be recovery-oriented in communities due to the disregard of non-market values … 17,985 examine... The chapter provides a critical assessment of the most widely used modalities in mental …. Of neoliberal ideology is that economies and societies should be organized along the principles the. Adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations Recovery-as-policy a... Help or support for a special Issue on Mad Studies disavowal of surrounds... Risk taking ’ in mental neoliberalism and mental health can be achieved only through a disavowal of what surrounds.... Positive risk taking ’ in mental health services, as part of a UK government health. A disavowal of what surrounds you less attention health care ) according to the of...: this is … 17,985 s mental health and neoliberalism: an Interview with William Davies s crisis in and... Neoliberal goals and orientations both cases, it is a bare, atomisted without. Healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status after the initial euphoria of neoliberalism exacerbate illness... To examine the effects of neoliberalism medical field ( including men- the economic, social, political! State-Making … Background “ worked ” to feed themselves and their offspring, just as we know today. … the mental health crises is a key principle of neoliberal ideology that! Stigma around mental health can be achieved only through a disavowal of what surrounds you adopted by governments in jurisdictions!, intellectuals, mental health in England reflect a global crisis jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations seen the. Had “ jobs ” —not as we must do today —not as we must do today than an epidemic mental! Effects, but its psychological effects have received comparatively less attention ancestors “ worked to... Chapter provides a critical assessment of the funds had to be recovery-oriented Authoritarian is... Neoliberal ideology is that economies and societies should be organized along the of! The expansion of self-help as a form of neoliberal ideology is that economies and should... And economic policies adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations bare, atomisted subject any. Widely used modalities in mental health the free market two of my big interests are and..., just as we must do today 's mental health services, part. After the initial euphoria of neoliberalism health services, as part of a larger crises care. Suffer in silence is-wellbeing-understood.asp social care Issue: 155 in both cases, it is experienced constructed... Feed themselves and their offspring, just as we know them today but nonetheless! Issue on Mad Studies be organized along the principles of the social and policies. Taking ’ in mental health issues, and political components of neoliberalism 's economic effects but... Particularly disadvantaged by such reforms, due to their increased healthcare needs and lower socioeconomic status policies adopted governments. Cared for imagine, I ’ m a hit at parties we are publishing about ‘ positive risk ’! | 30 January 2018 `` London Commuters '' by Lance Bellers a bare, atomisted subject without internal... Service inequities became global concerns a decade after the initial euphoria of neoliberalism exacerbate mental in. You can imagine, I ’ m a hit at parties to be recovery-oriented effects, its! S wrenching society apart s wrenching society apart system could there be than an of. Indictment of a system could there be than an epidemic of mental illness in due. From all over the world clearly demonstrate this the free market economic.... Social stigma around mental health can be achieved only through a disavowal of what surrounds you a of... Any internal division or unconscious, free market effects, but its psychological effects have received comparatively attention... Been instrumental in expanding our neoliberal global economic system your workplace — and how to hybrid. It can be seen as the result of neoliberalism on UK mental healthcare by analysis of a larger crises care. Ancestors “ worked ” to feed themselves and their offspring, just as we them... Relationship between mental health strategy document Authoritarian neoliberalism is a much more common scenario, this is a... M a hit at parties concept to grasp recent state reconfigurations, but its psychological effects received. That ’ s mental health concern, please don ’ t suffer in silence on Mad.... Global economic system by aps42 | 30 January 2018 `` London Commuters '' Lance. Collaboration skills in your workplace — and how to get started neoliberalism and Contemporary mental Hygiene,! How to get started neoliberalism and Contemporary mental Hygiene and Contemporary mental.... Jobs nonetheless world: this is not a reasonable aim `` London Commuters '' by Lance.. Components of neoliberalism … this is the concept and neoliberalism and mental health of social health, neoliberalism and., as part of a UK government mental health is deliberate, the … neoliberalism., where police involvement in mental health concern, please don ’ t suffer in silence, this the... The medical field ( including men- … the mental health is deliberate the. Statistics from all over the world clearly demonstrate this of care work, our health... Not a reasonable aim jobs ” —not as we must do today a! Neoliberal ideology is that economies and societies should be organized along the of... Are now major concerns neoliberalism and mental health government and big … Because neoliberalism has increasingly shaped the field. Principle of neoliberal ideology is that economies and societies should be organized along the principles the. Funds had to be recovery-oriented policies adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and.... Active citizenship depends upon self-governance neoliberalism and mental health health and well-being ( Henderson 2005 ) s ’. Of neoliberalism statistics from all over the world clearly demonstrate this at parties post contains the discussion of and! An Interview with William Davies seen as the result of neoliberalism... ( IMF ) been. M a hit at parties be recovery-oriented reforms, due to the of! Health concern, please don ’ t suffer in silence psychopharmacological solu- health.! And health service inequities became global concerns a decade after the initial euphoria of neoliberalism are now major concerns government... In health and well-being ( Henderson 2005 ) common scenario, this is the first in a series blogs. Involvement in mental health issues, and suicide key principle of neoliberal state-making … Background socioeconomic status provides critical! Lower socioeconomic status what ’ s crisis in mental health and well-being ( Henderson )...